Questions: Which statement is true of disruptive technologies? Disruptive technologies and disruptive innovations are independent concepts. The tech industry is the least fertile ground for disruptive technologies. Initially underperforming incumbents, over time disruptive technologies' performance attributes improve to the point where they invade established markets. The term "disruptive technologies" is a simple one because few technologies are able to create market shocks and catalyze growth. Disruptive technologies take advantage of performance attributes that existing customers put a high value on.

The answer is: Initially underperforming incumbents, over time disruptive technologies' performance attributes improve to the point where they invade established markets.

Explanation for each option:

1. Disruptive technologies and disruptive innovations are independent concepts.

   • This statement is incorrect. Disruptive technologies and disruptive innovations are closely related concepts. Disruptive innovation refers to the process by which a product or service takes root initially in simple applications at the bottom of a market and then relentlessly moves up market, eventually displacing established competitors. Disruptive technologies are the tools or methods that enable this process.

2. The tech industry is the least fertile ground for disruptive technologies.

   • This statement is incorrect. The tech industry is actually one of the most fertile grounds for disruptive technologies. Many of the most well-known examples of disruptive technologies, such as personal computers, smartphones, and the internet, have originated in the tech industry.

3. Initially underperforming incumbents, over time disruptive technologies' performance attributes improve to the point where they invade established markets.

   • This statement is correct. Disruptive technologies often start by offering lower performance compared to existing solutions but at a lower cost or with other advantages. Over time, their performance improves, and they begin to meet the needs of more demanding customers, eventually overtaking established technologies in the market.

4. The term "disruptive technologies" is a simple one because few technologies are able to create market shocks and catalyze growth.

   • This statement is incorrect. The term "disruptive technologies" is not simple; it encompasses a complex process where new technologies initially underperform but eventually improve and disrupt existing markets. Additionally, many technologies have the potential to create market shocks and catalyze growth.

5. Disruptive technologies take advantage of performance attributes that existing customers put a high value on.

   • This statement is incorrect. Disruptive technologies typically start by offering different performance attributes that are not initially valued by the mainstream market. They often appeal to a niche segment or a new market before improving and eventually meeting the needs of the mainstream market.