The answer is the fourth one (or D): both marked and unmarked, random individuals.
Explanation for each option:
A. Specific individuals with no marks - This option is incorrect because capturing only unmarked individuals would not provide a representative sample of the population. It would skew the data and not allow for accurate estimation of population size.
B. Only the marked individuals - This option is incorrect because capturing only marked individuals would also skew the data. It would not provide information about the unmarked portion of the population, which is necessary for accurate population estimates.
C. Only the females without marks - This option is incorrect because it focuses on a specific subset of the population (females without marks), which would not provide a representative sample of the entire population.
D. Both marked and unmarked, random individuals - This option is correct because capturing a random sample that includes both marked and unmarked individuals ensures that the sample is representative of the entire population. This method allows for accurate estimation of population size and dynamics.
Summary:
To ensure accuracy and randomness in population sampling, it is essential to capture both marked and unmarked, random individuals each time a recapture is conducted. This approach provides a representative sample and allows for reliable population estimates.