Questions: What is the output of this Java program? ``` class Driver public static void main(String[] args) int a = foo(6); int b = bar(a); static int foo(int a) a = bar(a - 3); System.out.print(a); return a; static int bar(int a) a = a - 1; System.out.print(a); return a + 2; ```

What is the output of this Java program?

```
class Driver
public static void main(String[] args)
int a = foo(6);
int b = bar(a);

static int foo(int a)
a = bar(a - 3);
System.out.print(a);
return a;

static int bar(int a)
a = a - 1;
System.out.print(a);
return a + 2;

```

Transcript text: What is the output of this Java program? ``` class Driver { public static void main(String[] args) { int a = foo(6); int b = bar(a); } static int foo(int a) { a = bar(a - 3); System.out.print(a); return a; } static int bar(int a) { a = a - 1; System.out.print(a); return a + 2; } } ```

Solution

Solution Steps

Step 1: Call foo(6)

The main method calls foo(6).
foo method receives a = 6.

Step 2: Inside foo, call bar(3)

Inside foo, a is updated by calling bar(a - 3), which is bar(3).
bar method receives a = 3.

Step 3: Inside bar(3)

Inside bar, a is updated to a - 1, which is 2.
System.out.print(a) prints 2.
bar returns a + 2, which is 4.

Step 4: Back to foo

Back in foo, a is now 4.
System.out.print(a) prints 4.
foo returns a, which is 4.

Step 5: Call bar(4)

Back in main, a is now 4.
main calls bar(a), which is bar(4).
bar method receives a = 4.

Step 6: Inside bar(4)

Inside bar, a is updated to a - 1, which is 3.
System.out.print(a) prints 3.
bar returns a + 2, which is 5.

Final Answer

The output of the program is:

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