Questions: What theory of development emphasizes individuals manipulating, monitoring, and strategizing about information? behavior-processing theory environmental processing theory Vygotsky's sociocultural theory information-processing theory

The answer is: information-processing theory.

Explanation for each option:

1. Behavior-processing theory: This is not a recognized theory in developmental psychology. It seems to be a misnomer or a confusion with behaviorism, which focuses on observable behaviors and the ways they are learned through interactions with the environment, rather than on how individuals manipulate and strategize about information.

2. Environmental processing theory: This is also not a recognized theory in developmental psychology. It might be confused with ecological systems theory, which emphasizes the different environmental systems that influence development, but it does not focus on the manipulation and strategizing about information.

3. Vygotsky's sociocultural theory: This theory emphasizes the role of social interaction and cultural context in cognitive development. While it acknowledges the importance of social and cultural influences on learning, it does not specifically focus on the manipulation, monitoring, and strategizing about information.

4. Information-processing theory: This theory is the correct answer. It emphasizes how individuals encode, process, store, and retrieve information. It likens the human mind to a computer, focusing on the ways people manipulate, monitor, and strategize about information. This theory is concerned with the mechanisms through which learning occurs, including attention, memory, and problem-solving strategies.

In summary, the information-processing theory is the one that specifically emphasizes individuals manipulating, monitoring, and strategizing about information.