Questions: In his study, Philip Jackson noted that teachers engage in hundreds of interchanges a day. He found that most of these interchanges involved the teacher: directing and controlling the discussion. sharing responsibility for the flow of the discussion with selected students. speaking to colleagues and administrators. seeking information from the students.

The answer is A: directing and controlling the discussion.

Explanation for each option:

A. Directing and controlling the discussion: This is the correct answer. Philip Jackson, in his study of classroom dynamics, observed that teachers often take a central role in managing classroom interactions. They typically direct the flow of conversation, ask questions, provide instructions, and ensure that the discussion stays on topic. This approach helps maintain order and ensures that educational objectives are met.

B. Sharing responsibility for the flow of the discussion with selected students: While some progressive educational models advocate for shared responsibility in classroom discussions, Jackson's findings indicate that this is less common. Teachers generally maintain control to ensure that the discussion remains productive and aligned with the lesson plan.

C. Speaking to colleagues and administrators: Although teachers do interact with colleagues and administrators, these interactions are not the primary focus of Jackson's study. His research concentrated on the teacher-student interactions within the classroom setting.

D. Seeking information from the students: While teachers do ask questions to gauge student understanding and encourage participation, Jackson found that these interactions are typically structured and controlled by the teacher. The primary role of the teacher remains one of directing and managing the discussion rather than solely seeking information from students.

In summary, Philip Jackson's study highlights the teacher's role in directing and controlling classroom discussions to maintain an effective learning environment.