Given the equation:
\[
(x-1) \cdot f(x) = 3x^4 + x^3 - 25x^2 + 38x - 17
\]
The polynomial on the right-hand side is of degree 4. Since \((x-1)\) is a polynomial of degree 1, the degree of \( f(x) \) must be:
\[
\text{Degree of } f(x) = 4 - 1 = 3
\]
For the quadratic \( 2x^2 + mx + 8 \) to have two distinct real roots, the discriminant must be positive. The discriminant \(\Delta\) of a quadratic equation \( ax^2 + bx + c \) is given by:
\[
\Delta = b^2 - 4ac
\]
Substituting \( a = 2 \), \( b = m \), and \( c = 8 \), we have:
\[
\Delta = m^2 - 4 \cdot 2 \cdot 8 = m^2 - 64
\]
For two distinct real roots, we require:
\[
m^2 - 64 > 0
\]
Solving this inequality:
\[
m^2 > 64
\]
Taking the square root of both sides, we find:
\[
|m| > 8
\]
This implies:
\[
m < -8 \quad \text{or} \quad m > 8
\]
In interval notation, the possible values of \( m \) are:
\[
(-\infty, -8) \cup (8, \infty)
\]
- The degree of \( f(x) \) is \(\boxed{3}\).
- The possible values of \( m \) are \(\boxed{(-\infty, -8) \cup (8, \infty)}\).