Questions: 9) C8H18 + O2 → CO2 + H2O 10) FeCl3 + NaOH → Fe(OH)3 + NaCl 11) P + O2 → P2O5

9) C8H18 + O2 → CO2 + H2O 10) FeCl3 + NaOH → Fe(OH)3 + NaCl 11) P + O2 → P2O5
Transcript text: 9) $\mathrm{C}_{8} \mathrm{H}_{18}+$ $\qquad$ $\mathrm{O}_{2} \rightarrow$ $\qquad$ $\mathrm{CO}_{2}+$ $\qquad$ $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$ 10) $\qquad$ $\mathrm{FeCl}_{3}+$ $\qquad$ $\mathrm{NaOH} \rightarrow$ $\qquad$ $\mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{OH})_{3}+$ $\qquad$ NaCl 11) $\qquad$ $P+$ $\qquad$ $\mathrm{O}_{2} \rightarrow$ $\qquad$ $\mathrm{P}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5}$
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Solution

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Solution Steps

Step 1: Balance the Combustion Reaction of Octane
  1. Write the unbalanced equation: \(\mathrm{C}_{8} \mathrm{H}_{18} + \mathrm{O}_{2} \rightarrow \mathrm{CO}_{2} + \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\).
  2. Balance carbon atoms: \(\mathrm{C}_{8} \mathrm{H}_{18} + \mathrm{O}_{2} \rightarrow 8\mathrm{CO}_{2} + \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\).
  3. Balance hydrogen atoms: \(\mathrm{C}_{8} \mathrm{H}_{18} + \mathrm{O}_{2} \rightarrow 8\mathrm{CO}_{2} + 9\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\).
  4. Balance oxygen atoms: \(\mathrm{C}_{8} \mathrm{H}_{18} + 12.5\mathrm{O}_{2} \rightarrow 8\mathrm{CO}_{2} + 9\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\).
  5. Multiply the entire equation by 2 to eliminate the fraction: \(2\mathrm{C}_{8} \mathrm{H}_{18} + 25\mathrm{O}_{2} \rightarrow 16\mathrm{CO}_{2} + 18\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\).
Step 2: Balance the Reaction of Iron(III) Chloride with Sodium Hydroxide
  1. Write the unbalanced equation: \(\mathrm{FeCl}_{3} + \mathrm{NaOH} \rightarrow \mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{OH})_{3} + \mathrm{NaCl}\).
  2. Balance iron atoms: \(\mathrm{FeCl}_{3} + \mathrm{NaOH} \rightarrow \mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{OH})_{3} + \mathrm{NaCl}\).
  3. Balance chlorine atoms: \(\mathrm{FeCl}_{3} + \mathrm{NaOH} \rightarrow \mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{OH})_{3} + 3\mathrm{NaCl}\).
  4. Balance sodium atoms: \(\mathrm{FeCl}_{3} + 3\mathrm{NaOH} \rightarrow \mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{OH})_{3} + 3\mathrm{NaCl}\).
  5. Balance oxygen and hydrogen atoms: The equation is already balanced.
Step 3: Balance the Reaction of Phosphorus with Oxygen
  1. Write the unbalanced equation: \(P + \mathrm{O}_{2} \rightarrow \mathrm{P}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5}\).
  2. Balance phosphorus atoms: \(2P + \mathrm{O}_{2} \rightarrow \mathrm{P}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5}\).
  3. Balance oxygen atoms: \(2P + 5/2\mathrm{O}_{2} \rightarrow \mathrm{P}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5}\).
  4. Multiply the entire equation by 2 to eliminate the fraction: \(4P + 5\mathrm{O}_{2} \rightarrow 2\mathrm{P}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5}\).

Final Answer

  1. \(2\mathrm{C}_{8} \mathrm{H}_{18} + 25\mathrm{O}_{2} \rightarrow 16\mathrm{CO}_{2} + 18\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\)
  2. \(\mathrm{FeCl}_{3} + 3\mathrm{NaOH} \rightarrow \mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{OH})_{3} + 3\mathrm{NaCl}\)
  3. \(4P + 5\mathrm{O}_{2} \rightarrow 2\mathrm{P}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5}\)
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