Questions: 1. Explain how each treatment affected the rate of reaction. Describe the effect at a molecular level. a. Temperature: b. Surface Area: c. Concentration:

Solution Steps

• Increasing temperature generally increases the rate of reaction.
• At a molecular level, higher temperatures provide reactant molecules with more kinetic energy.
• This increased energy results in more frequent and energetic collisions between molecules.
• More collisions with sufficient energy to overcome the activation energy barrier lead to an increased reaction rate.

• Increasing the surface area of a reactant increases the rate of reaction.
• At a molecular level, a larger surface area allows more reactant particles to be exposed and available for collisions.
• This results in a higher frequency of collisions between reactant molecules.
• More collisions increase the likelihood of successful interactions that lead to product formation.

• Increasing the concentration of reactants generally increases the rate of reaction.
• At a molecular level, a higher concentration means more reactant molecules are present in a given volume.
• This leads to an increased frequency of collisions between reactant molecules.
• More frequent collisions increase the chances of successful reactions, thus increasing the reaction rate.

Final Answer