To simplify the given expression, we need to apply the power of a quotient rule, which states that \((\frac{a}{b})^n = \frac{a^n}{b^n}\). We will raise both the numerator and the denominator to the power of 4. Then, simplify the expression by applying the power rule for exponents, which states that \((a^m)^n = a^{m \cdot n}\).
Step 1: Apply the Power of a Quotient Rule
We start with the expression
\[
\left(\frac{a^{3}}{-3 b^{5}}\right)^{4}.
\]
Using the power of a quotient rule, we can rewrite this as
\[
\frac{(a^{3})^{4}}{(-3 b^{5})^{4}}.
\]
Step 2: Simplify the Numerator and Denominator
Next, we simplify both the numerator and the denominator:
The numerator becomes
\[
(a^{3})^{4} = a^{12}.
\]
The denominator simplifies to
\[
(-3)^{4} (b^{5})^{4} = 81 b^{20}.
\]
Step 3: Combine the Results
Combining the simplified numerator and denominator, we have:
\[
\frac{a^{12}}{81 b^{20}}.
\]
Final Answer
Thus, the simplified expression is
\[
\boxed{\frac{a^{12}}{81 b^{20}}}.
\]