Questions: Howard undergoes further testing. Which value may provide further evidence that Howard has left ventricular failure? Increased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) Increased albumin Decreased PAP Increased JVD

Howard undergoes further testing. Which value may provide further evidence that Howard has left ventricular failure? Increased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) Increased albumin Decreased PAP Increased JVD
Transcript text: Howard undergoes further testing. Which value may provide further evidence that Howard has left ventricular failure? Increased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) Increased albumin Decreased PAP Increased JVD
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Solution

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The answer is the first one: Increased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP).

Explanation for each option:

  1. Increased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP): This is the correct answer. PCWP is a measurement that reflects the pressure in the left atrium of the heart. In the case of left ventricular failure, the left ventricle is unable to effectively pump blood, leading to increased pressure in the left atrium and pulmonary circulation. This results in an increased PCWP, which is a key indicator of left ventricular failure.

  2. Increased albumin: This is incorrect. Albumin is a protein in the blood, and its levels are not directly related to left ventricular failure. Changes in albumin levels are more commonly associated with liver function, nutritional status, or kidney function.

  3. Decreased PAP (Pulmonary Artery Pressure): This is incorrect. In left ventricular failure, pulmonary artery pressure is typically increased due to the backlog of blood in the pulmonary circulation. A decreased PAP would not be indicative of left ventricular failure.

  4. Increased JVD (Jugular Venous Distension): While increased JVD can be associated with heart failure, it is more commonly linked to right-sided heart failure or overall congestive heart failure. It is not as specific to left ventricular failure as increased PCWP.

In summary, increased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) is the most direct indicator of left ventricular failure among the options provided.

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