Questions: Which of the following statements best match your observations from the experiments you ran? Choose all that apply. A) Crowding in a substrate can cause a nucleophilic to react as a base instead. (B) The pH of a reaction plays a large role in determining the outcome. (C) Reagents like KOH, NaOMe, and LDA can be either nucleophiles or bases depending on what else is present in the reaction. (D) Primary alkyl halides never react under neutral conditions.

Which of the following statements best match your observations from the experiments you ran? Choose all that apply.
A) Crowding in a substrate can cause a nucleophilic to react as a base instead.
(B) The pH of a reaction plays a large role in determining the outcome.
(C) Reagents like KOH, NaOMe, and LDA can be either nucleophiles or bases depending on what else is present in the reaction.
(D) Primary alkyl halides never react under neutral conditions.

Transcript text: Which of the following statements best match your observations from the experiments you ran? Choose all that apply. A) Crowding in a substrate can cause a nucleophilic to react as a base instead. (B) The pH of a reaction plays a large role in determining the outcome. (C) Reagents like $\mathrm{KOH}, \mathrm{NaOMe}$, and LDA can be either nucleophiles or bases depending on what else is present in the reaction. (D) Primary alkyl halides never react under neutral conditions.

Solution

Solution Steps

Step 1: Analyze Each Statement

We need to determine which statements best match the observations from the experiments.

Step 2: Evaluate Statement A

Statement A: "Crowding in a substrate can cause a nucleophilic to react as a base instead."

This is true. Steric hindrance can prevent a nucleophile from attacking the substrate, causing it to act as a base instead.

Step 3: Evaluate Statement B

Statement B: "The pH of a reaction plays a large role in determining the outcome."

This is true. The pH can affect the protonation state of the reactants and intermediates, influencing the reaction pathway.

Step 4: Evaluate Statement C

Statement C: "Reagents like $\mathrm{KOH}, \mathrm{NaOMe}$, and LDA can be either nucleophiles or bases depending on what else is present in the reaction."