Questions: Vraag 13: Op watter alkyne in Figuur 13 kan jy Markovnikov se reël toepas?

Vraag 13: Op watter alkyne in Figuur 13 kan jy Markovnikov se reël toepas?
Transcript text: Vraag 13: Op watter alkyne in Figuur 13 kan jy Markovnikov se reël toepas?
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Solution

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Solution Steps

Step 1: Understanding Markovnikov's Rule

Markovnikov's rule states that in the addition of HX (where X is a halogen) to an alkene or alkyne, the hydrogen atom will attach to the carbon with the greater number of hydrogen atoms already attached, and the halogen will attach to the carbon with fewer hydrogen atoms.

Step 2: Identifying the Alkyne Structures

Examine the structures of the alkynes in Figure 13:

  • A: CH₃-CH₂-C≡C-CH(CH₃)₂
  • B: A linear alkyne with no substituents on the triple bond.
  • C: A phenylacetylene (C₆H₅-C≡CH).
  • D: A cyclic alkyne.
Step 3: Applying Markovnikov's Rule

Markovnikov's rule is applicable to terminal alkynes (alkynes with a hydrogen atom attached to one of the carbons in the triple bond).

  • A: The alkyne is internal (no hydrogen directly attached to the carbons in the triple bond).
  • B: The alkyne is terminal (one hydrogen attached to the carbon in the triple bond).
  • C: The alkyne is terminal (one hydrogen attached to the carbon in the triple bond).
  • D: The alkyne is internal (no hydrogen directly attached to the carbons in the triple bond).

Final Answer

The correct answer is B and C. However, since the question asks for one alkyne, the best choice is C because it is a clear example of a terminal alkyne where Markovnikov's rule can be applied.

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