Questions: A chronic disease characterized by inflammation of the airway and constriction of the bronchioles is: emphysema. cystic fibrosis. pulmonary hypertension. asthma.

The answer is the fourth one (D): asthma.

Explanation for each option:

• Emphysema: This is a chronic lung condition that involves damage to the alveoli (air sacs) in the lungs, leading to breathing difficulties. It is not primarily characterized by inflammation of the airway and constriction of the bronchioles.

• Cystic fibrosis: This is a genetic disorder that affects the lungs and other organs, characterized by thick, sticky mucus production. While it can cause lung infections and breathing difficulties, it is not specifically defined by airway inflammation and bronchiole constriction.

• Pulmonary hypertension: This condition involves high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs, leading to symptoms like shortness of breath and fatigue. It does not primarily involve inflammation of the airway and bronchiole constriction.

• Asthma: This is a chronic disease characterized by inflammation of the airway and constriction of the bronchioles, leading to symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. This matches the description given in the question.

In summary, asthma is the correct answer as it is the condition characterized by inflammation of the airway and constriction of the bronchioles.