Questions: Which of the following statements below is INCORRECT? For a gas, the standard state is considered to be 1 atm . For a pure solid, the standard state is considered to be the pure solid in its state. For a pure liquid, the standard state is considered to be 1 M . For a solution, the standard state is considered to be 1 M .

Solution Steps

The standard state for different phases of matter is defined as follows:

1. Gas: The standard state is typically 1 atm pressure.
2. Pure Solid: The standard state is the pure solid in its most stable form at 1 atm and a specified temperature, usually 25°C.
3. Pure Liquid: The standard state is the pure liquid in its most stable form at 1 atm and a specified temperature, usually 25°C.
4. Solution: The standard state is a concentration of 1 M (molar).

• Statement 1: "For a gas, the standard state is considered to be 1 atm."
  This is correct as the standard state for gases is indeed 1 atm.

• Statement 2: "For a pure solid, the standard state is considered to be the pure solid in its state."
  This is correct as the standard state for a pure solid is the solid in its most stable form at 1 atm.

• Statement 3: "For a pure liquid, the standard state is considered to be 1 M."
  This is incorrect. The standard state for a pure liquid is the liquid in its most stable form at 1 atm, not 1 M.

• Statement 4: "For a solution, the standard state is considered to be 1 M."
  This is correct as the standard state for a solution is indeed 1 M concentration.

Final Answer