Questions: Circle the atom in each group that has the smallest atomic radius. i) Al, N, P, or B iii) Mg, K, Na, Be ii) O, Cl, F, or He iv) C, Cs, Mg, or Si

Circle the atom in each group that has the smallest atomic radius. i) Al, N, P, or B iii) Mg, K, Na, Be ii) O, Cl, F, or He iv) C, Cs, Mg, or Si
Transcript text: Circle the atom in each group that has the smallest atomic radius. i) $\mathrm{Al}, \mathrm{N}, \mathrm{P}$, or B iii) $\mathrm{Mg}, \mathrm{K}, \mathrm{Na}, \mathrm{Be}$ ii) $\mathrm{O}, \mathrm{Cl}, \mathrm{F}$, or He iv) $\mathrm{C}, \mathrm{Cs}, \mathrm{Mg}$, or Si
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Solution

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Solution Steps

Step 1: Understanding Atomic Radius Trends

The atomic radius generally decreases across a period (left to right) and increases down a group (top to bottom) in the periodic table. This is due to the increasing nuclear charge across a period, which pulls electrons closer to the nucleus, and the addition of electron shells down a group, which increases the distance of the outer electrons from the nucleus.

Step 2: Analyzing Each Group
Group i: $\mathrm{Al}, \mathrm{N}, \mathrm{P}$, or B
  • Aluminum (Al) and Phosphorus (P) are in the third period.
  • Nitrogen (N) and Boron (B) are in the second period.
  • Within the same period, atomic radius decreases from left to right.
Group ii: $\mathrm{O}, \mathrm{Cl}, \mathrm{F}$, or He
  • Oxygen (O) and Fluorine (F) are in the second period.
  • Chlorine (Cl) is in the third period.
  • Helium (He) is in the first period.
  • Helium, being in the first period, has the smallest atomic radius.
Group iii: $\mathrm{Mg}, \mathrm{K}, \mathrm{Na}, \mathrm{Be}$
  • Magnesium (Mg) and Sodium (Na) are in the third period.
  • Potassium (K) is in the fourth period.
  • Beryllium (Be) is in the second period.
  • Beryllium, being in the second period, has the smallest atomic radius.
Group iv: $\mathrm{C}, \mathrm{Cs}, \mathrm{Mg}$, or Si
  • Carbon (C) and Silicon (Si) are in the second and third periods, respectively.
  • Magnesium (Mg) is in the third period.
  • Cesium (Cs) is in the sixth period.
  • Carbon, being in the second period, has the smallest atomic radius.

Final Answer

\[ \begin{aligned} &\text{i) } \boxed{\mathrm{N}} \\ &\text{ii) } \boxed{\mathrm{He}} \\ &\text{iii) } \boxed{\mathrm{Be}} \\ &\text{iv) } \boxed{\mathrm{C}} \end{aligned} \]

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