Questions: Match each term to its definition Euploid Chromosome translocation Nondisjunction Monosomy X inactivation Trisomy Aneuploid Chromosome inversion Polyploid An individual with the appropriate number of chromos A segment of a chromosome dissociates and reattache The failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chrc Loss of one chromosome The process by which females compensate for having c Gain of an extraneous chromosome An individual with an error in chromosome number The detachment, 180 degree rotation, and reinsertion An individual with more than the correct number of ch

To match each term to its definition, let's analyze each term and its corresponding definition:

1. Euploid: An individual with the appropriate number of chromosomes.

   • Explanation: Euploidy refers to a state where an organism has one or more complete sets of chromosomes, which is the normal condition.

2. Chromosome translocation: A segment of a chromosome dissociates and reattaches to a different, non-homologous chromosome.

   • Explanation: Translocation involves the rearrangement of parts between non-homologous chromosomes.

3. Nondisjunction: The failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division.

   • Explanation: Nondisjunction can lead to an abnormal number of chromosomes in the daughter cells.

4. Monosomy: Loss of one chromosome.

   • Explanation: Monosomy is a type of aneuploidy where there is only one copy of a particular chromosome instead of the usual two.

5. X inactivation: The process by which females compensate for having two X chromosomes by inactivating one of them.

   • Explanation: X inactivation is a mechanism to balance the dosage of X-linked genes between males and females.

6. Trisomy: Gain of an extraneous chromosome.

   • Explanation: Trisomy is a type of aneuploidy where there are three copies of a particular chromosome instead of the usual two.

7. Aneuploid: An individual with an error in chromosome number.

   • Explanation: Aneuploidy refers to any deviation from the normal number of chromosomes, including both monosomy and trisomy.

8. Chromosome inversion: The detachment, 180-degree rotation, and reinsertion of a chromosome segment.

   • Explanation: Inversion involves a segment of a chromosome being reversed end to end.

9. Polyploid: An individual with more than the correct number of chromosome sets.

   • Explanation: Polyploidy refers to having more than two complete sets of chromosomes.

In summary, each term is matched to its definition based on the characteristics and processes described.