Questions: Classify the species as Arrhenius bases, Bronsted-Lowry bases, or Lewis bases in aqueous solution. It is possible for a base to be of more than one type. Which species are Arrhenius bases? NaOH(aq) NH3 (aq) Br^-(aq) Which species are Bronsted-Lowry bases? NaOH(aq) Br^-(aq) NH3(aq)

Classify the species as Arrhenius bases, Bronsted-Lowry bases, or Lewis bases in aqueous solution. It is possible for a base to be of more than one type. Which species are Arrhenius bases? NaOH(aq) NH3 (aq) Br^-(aq) Which species are Bronsted-Lowry bases? NaOH(aq) Br^-(aq) NH3(aq)
Transcript text: Classify the species as Arrhenius bases, Bronsted-Lowry bases, or Lewis bases in aqueous solution. It is possible for a base to be of more than one type. Which species are Arrhenius bases? $\mathrm{NaOH}(\mathrm{aq})$ $\mathrm{NH}_{3}$ (aq) $\mathrm{Br}^{-}(\mathrm{aq})$ Which species are Bronsted-Lowry bases? $\mathrm{NaOH}(\mathrm{aq})$ $\mathrm{Br}^{-}(\mathrm{aq})$ $\mathrm{NH}_{3}(\mathrm{aq})$
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Solution

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Solution Steps

Step 1: Identify Arrhenius Bases

An Arrhenius base is a substance that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH\(^-\)) in aqueous solution.

  • NaOH(aq): Sodium hydroxide dissociates in water to produce Na\(^+\) and OH\(^-\) ions. Therefore, it is an Arrhenius base.
  • NH\(_3\)(aq): Ammonia does not directly produce OH\(^-\) ions in water. Instead, it reacts with water to form NH\(_4^+\) and OH\(^-\), so it is not strictly an Arrhenius base.
  • Br\(^-\)(aq): Bromide ion does not produce OH\(^-\) ions in water. Therefore, it is not an Arrhenius base.
Step 2: Identify Bronsted-Lowry Bases

A Bronsted-Lowry base is a substance that can accept a proton (H\(^+\)).

  • NaOH(aq): Sodium hydroxide can accept a proton to form water (H\(_2\)O) and Na\(^+\). Therefore, it is a Bronsted-Lowry base.
  • Br\(^-\)(aq): Bromide ion can accept a proton to form HBr. Therefore, it is a Bronsted-Lowry base.
  • NH\(_3\)(aq): Ammonia can accept a proton to form NH\(_4^+\). Therefore, it is a Bronsted-Lowry base.
Step 3: Identify Lewis Bases

A Lewis base is a substance that can donate a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond.

  • NaOH(aq): Sodium hydroxide can donate a pair of electrons from the OH\(^-\) ion. Therefore, it is a Lewis base.
  • NH\(_3\)(aq): Ammonia has a lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom that can be donated. Therefore, it is a Lewis base.
  • Br\(^-\)(aq): Bromide ion has lone pairs of electrons that can be donated. Therefore, it is a Lewis base.

Final Answer

  • Arrhenius bases: \(\boxed{\mathrm{NaOH}(\mathrm{aq})}\)
  • Bronsted-Lowry bases: \(\boxed{\mathrm{NaOH}(\mathrm{aq}), \mathrm{Br}^{-}(\mathrm{aq}), \mathrm{NH}_{3}(\mathrm{aq})}\)
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