Questions: Reinforcement theory implies that supervisors can encourage or discourage a particular kind of behavior by the way they respond to the behavior. According to the organizations with 50 or more employees within a 75mile radius must give employees up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave to care for a newborn, adopted, or foster child within one year of the child's arrival.

The answer to Question 12 is: Reinforcement theory implies that supervisors can encourage or discourage a particular kind of behavior by the way they respond to the behavior.

The answer to Question 13 is: Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993

• Option 1: Reinforcement theory implies that supervisors can encourage or discourage a particular kind of behavior by the way they respond to the behavior. This is correct because reinforcement theory, developed by B.F. Skinner, suggests that behavior can be shaped by its consequences. Positive reinforcement encourages behavior by providing a reward, while negative reinforcement discourages behavior by removing an unpleasant consequence.
• Option 2: Only use money as a motivating factor. This is incorrect because reinforcement theory encompasses various types of reinforcements, not just monetary. It includes positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment, and extinction.
• Option 3: Use the piecework system to punish workers effectively. This is incorrect because the piecework system is a method of compensation based on the amount of work done, not a method of punishment.
• Option 4: Rely on the Pygmalion effect to accurately determine an employee's motivation levels. This is incorrect because the Pygmalion effect refers to the phenomenon where higher expectations lead to an increase in performance, not directly related to reinforcement theory.

• Option 1: Uniform Adoption Act of 1994. This is incorrect because the Uniform Adoption Act deals with adoption procedures and not employee leave.
• Option 2: Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993. This is correct because the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) requires covered employers to provide employees with up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave for certain family and medical reasons, including the birth or adoption of a child.
• Option 3: Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978. This is incorrect because the Pregnancy Discrimination Act prohibits discrimination on the basis of pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions, but does not specifically address leave for adoption or foster care.
• Option 4: Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970. This is incorrect because the Occupational Safety and Health Act is focused on ensuring safe and healthy working conditions, not on family or medical leave.