Questions: A nurse is caring for a client who takes an over-the-counter (OTC) sleep aid medication every evening. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a potential adverse effect of OTC sleep aid medications? Hyperactivity Diarrhea Excessive salivation Urinary retention

The answer is the fourth one: Urinary retention.

Explanation for each option:

1. Hyperactivity: This is not a common adverse effect of over-the-counter sleep aids. Sleep aids are typically sedatives, and hyperactivity would be contrary to their intended effect.

2. Diarrhea: While gastrointestinal disturbances can occur with some medications, diarrhea is not a typical adverse effect associated with OTC sleep aids.

3. Excessive salivation: This is not a common side effect of OTC sleep aids. These medications are more likely to cause dry mouth rather than excessive salivation.

4. Urinary retention: This is a potential adverse effect of some OTC sleep aids, particularly those containing antihistamines like diphenhydramine. Antihistamines can have anticholinergic effects, which may lead to urinary retention.

In summary, urinary retention is a recognized potential adverse effect of some over-the-counter sleep aid medications, particularly those with anticholinergic properties.