Questions: Cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, most exocrine glands, some endocrine glands, and adipose tissue are innervated by the autonomic nervous system, the involuntary branch of the peripheral efferent division. What are the two subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

The answer to the first statement is True: Cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, most exocrine glands, some endocrine glands, and adipose tissue are indeed innervated by the autonomic nervous system, which is the involuntary branch of the peripheral efferent division.

Now, regarding the second question:

The two subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) are:

1. The sympathetic nervous system: This subdivision is often associated with the "fight or flight" response, preparing the body for stressful or emergency situations by increasing heart rate, dilating airways, and inhibiting digestion, among other effects.
2. The parasympathetic nervous system: This subdivision is often associated with the "rest and digest" response, promoting relaxation and recovery by decreasing heart rate, stimulating digestion, and conserving energy.

In summary, the autonomic nervous system is responsible for involuntary control of various body functions, and it is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.