Questions: MATCHING (Each worth 1/2 point) Use the answer choices in the box on the right for this portion of the quiz. Each choice will only be used once but not all choices will be used. Choose the BEST answer. 1. The amount of blood in each ventricle at the end of ventricular diastole 2. The amount of blood remaining in each ventricle at the end of ventricular systole 3. The percent of the EDV represented by SV 4. This equals HR * SV 5. The amount of blood pumped out of each ventricle during a single contraction 6. This is the degree of stretching experienced by ventricular muscle cells during ventricular diastole 7. This is the force produced during a contraction at a given preload 8. This is the normal value for SV Cardiac Function Calculations: Show your work (including the equations that you use). 9. What is the average value for cardiac output at rest? L/min. Do you think CO would change with exercise? How? Why?

Let's match the terms with their definitions and then proceed to the cardiac function calculations.

1. The amount of blood in each ventricle at the end of ventricular diastole: End-Diastolic Volume (EDV)
2. The amount of blood remaining in each ventricle at the end of ventricular systole: End-Systolic Volume (ESV)
3. The percent of the EDV represented by SV: Ejection Fraction (EF)
4. This equals HR * SV: Cardiac Output (CO)
5. The amount of blood pumped out of each ventricle during a single contraction: Stroke Volume (SV)
6. This is the degree of stretching experienced by ventricular muscle cells during ventricular diastole: Preload
7. This is the force produced during a contraction at a given preload: Contractility
8. This is the normal value for SV: 70 mL

9. What is the average value for cardiac output at rest?

To calculate the cardiac output (CO), we use the formula: \[ \text{CO} = \text{HR} \times \text{SV} \]

Where:

• HR (Heart Rate) is typically around 70 beats per minute (bpm) at rest.
• SV (Stroke Volume) is typically around 70 mL per beat.

So, \[ \text{CO} = 70 \, \text{bpm} \times 70 \, \text{mL/beat} \] \[ \text{CO} = 4900 \, \text{mL/min} \] \[ \text{CO} = 4.9 \, \text{L/min} \]

Therefore, the average value for cardiac output at rest is 4.9 L/min.

Yes, cardiac output (CO) would change with exercise. During exercise, the body's demand for oxygen and nutrients increases, and the heart responds by increasing both the heart rate (HR) and the stroke volume (SV). This results in a higher cardiac output to meet the increased metabolic demands of the body.

• Heart Rate (HR): Increases significantly during exercise to pump more blood per minute.
• Stroke Volume (SV): Also increases due to enhanced venous return and more forceful contractions of the heart.

As a result, cardiac output can increase substantially during exercise, often reaching values of 15-20 L/min or more in well-trained athletes. This increase ensures that sufficient oxygen and nutrients are delivered to the muscles and other tissues during periods of high physical activity.