Questions: Specify the formal charge at each of the labeled atoms, a - c, in each of the following structures.

Specify the formal charge at each of the labeled atoms, a - c, in each of the following structures.
Transcript text: Specify the formal charge at each of the labeled atoms, a - c, in each of the following structures.
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Solution

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Solution Steps

Step 1: Calculate the formal charge of atom _a_

The formal charge is calculated as follows: formal charge = valence electrons - nonbonding electrons - 1/2 bonding electrons. Hydrogen (H) has 1 valence electron. Atom _a_ has 0 nonbonding electrons and 2 bonding electrons. Therefore, the formal charge of atom _a_ is 1 - 0 - (1/2)(2) = 0

Step 2: Calculate the formal charge of atom _b_

Carbon (C) has 4 valence electrons. Atom _b_ has 0 nonbonding electrons and 8 bonding electrons (remember that a double bond counts as two bonding electrons). Therefore, the formal charge of atom _b_ is 4 - 0 - (1/2)(8) = 0

Step 3: Calculate the formal charge of atom _c_

Carbon (C) has 4 valence electrons. Atom _c_ has 2 nonbonding electrons and 6 bonding electrons (remember that a triple bond counts as 6 bonding electrons when calculating formal charge). Therefore, the formal charge of atom _c_ is 4 - 2 - (1/2)(6) = -1

Final Answer:

a. 0 b. 0 c. -1

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