Questions: In a study concerning the cues that signal deception, Winston uses the number of times a person shifts in his or her seat as a measure of lying. Virginia points out that people may shift their position because they are nervous about being perceived as a liar, even though they are actually telling the truth. Virginia is questioning the of Winston's measure of lying. Select one: a. mundane realism b. construct validity c. internal validity d. interrater reliability To examine potential gender differences in the qualities individuals seek in their romantic partners, Hae Jin compares the personal ads placed by men and women. Hae Jin is conducting a(n) Select one: a. observational study. b. survey study. c. archival study. d. experiment.

Let's address each question one by one.

Virginia is questioning the $\qquad$ of Winston's measure of lying.

Select one: a. mundane realism b. construct validity c. internal validity d. interrater reliability

The answer is b: construct validity.

Explanation:

• Mundane realism refers to how much the experimental situation resembles real-life situations. This is not what Virginia is questioning.
• Construct validity is about whether the measure accurately represents the concept it is intended to measure. Virginia is questioning whether shifting in one's seat is a valid measure of lying, as it could also indicate nervousness for other reasons.
• Internal validity refers to the extent to which the results of a study can be attributed to the manipulations of the independent variable rather than other factors. This is not the focus of Virginia's concern.
• Interrater reliability refers to the consistency of measurements when different people observe the same event. This is not relevant to Virginia's point.

To examine potential gender differences in the qualities individuals seek in their romantic partners, Hae Jin compares the personal ads placed by men and women. Hae Jin is conducting a(n)

Select one: a. observational study. b. survey study. c. archival study. d. experiment.

The answer is c: archival study.

Explanation:

• Observational study involves directly observing subjects in their natural environment without interference. Hae Jin is not observing people directly but analyzing existing data.
• Survey study involves collecting data through questionnaires or interviews. Hae Jin is not collecting new data but using existing personal ads.
• Archival study involves analyzing existing records or data sets. Hae Jin is using personal ads, which are existing records, to conduct the study.
• Experiment involves manipulating one or more variables to determine their effect on another variable. Hae Jin is not manipulating any variables but analyzing existing data.

By understanding the definitions and applications of these terms, we can accurately determine the correct answers to the questions.