Questions: The proximodistal principle states that a baby develops legs first, and then its toes Research has demonstrated that relaxation techniques designed to reduce pain during childbirth do not work.

The answer to Question 22 is none of the provided options. The proximodistal principle actually states that development proceeds from the center of the body outward. This means that the central parts of the body, such as the torso, develop before the extremities, such as the arms and legs.

Explanation for each option:

• "Identical twins tend to be smaller than fraternal twins" is incorrect because this statement is unrelated to the proximodistal principle. It pertains to differences in twin development, not the pattern of development from the center outward.
• "Male fetuses develop faster than female fetuses" is incorrect because this statement is about gender differences in fetal development, not the proximodistal pattern.
• "The outside portion of the amniotic sac is thicker than the inside portion" is incorrect because this statement concerns the structure of the amniotic sac, not the pattern of physical development.
• "A baby develops legs first, and then its toes" is incorrect because, while it might seem related, the proximodistal principle specifically refers to development from the center of the body outward, not the sequence of leg and toe development.

For Question 23, the statement is false. Research has shown that relaxation techniques, such as breathing exercises, visualization, and other methods, can be effective in reducing pain and anxiety during childbirth for many women. These techniques are often part of childbirth education programs and can help manage pain without medication.