Questions: What is an observational study? A. An observational study is when a researcher assigns individuals to a certain group, intentionally changing the value of an explanatory variable, and then recording the value of the response variable for each group. B. An observational study measures the value of the response variable without attempting to influence the value of either the response or explanatory variables. C. An observational study is a list of all individuals in a population along with certain characteristics of each individual. What is a designed experiment? A. A designed experiment measures the value of the response variable without attempting to influence the value of either the response or explanatory variables. B. A designed experiment is when a researcher assigns individuals to a certain group, intentionally changing the value of an explanatory variable, and then recording the value of the response variable for each group. C. A designed experiment is a list of all individuals in a population along with certain characteristics of each individual. Which allows the researcher to claim causation between an explanatory variable and a response variable? allows the researcher to claim causation between an explanatory variable and a response variable

What is an observational study? A. An observational study is when a researcher assigns individuals to a certain group, intentionally changing the value of an explanatory variable, and then recording the value of the response variable for each group. B. An observational study measures the value of the response variable without attempting to influence the value of either the response or explanatory variables. C. An observational study is a list of all individuals in a population along with certain characteristics of each individual. What is a designed experiment? A. A designed experiment measures the value of the response variable without attempting to influence the value of either the response or explanatory variables. B. A designed experiment is when a researcher assigns individuals to a certain group, intentionally changing the value of an explanatory variable, and then recording the value of the response variable for each group. C. A designed experiment is a list of all individuals in a population along with certain characteristics of each individual. Which allows the researcher to claim causation between an explanatory variable and a response variable? allows the researcher to claim causation between an explanatory variable and a response variable
Transcript text: What is an observational study? A. An observational study is when a researcher assigns individuals to a certain group, intentionally changing the value of an explanatory variable, and then recording the value of the response variable for each group. B. An observational study measures the value of the response variable without attempting to influence the value of either the response or explanatory variables. C. An observational study is a list of all individuals in a population along with certain characteristics of each individual. What is a designed experiment? A. A designed experiment measures the value of the response variable without attempting to influence the value of either the response or explanatory variables. B. A designed experiment is when a researcher assigns individuals to a certain group, intentionally changing the value of an explanatory variable, and then recording the value of the response variable for each group. C. A designed experiment is a list of all individuals in a population along with certain characteristics of each individual. Which allows the researcher to claim causation between an explanatory variable and a response variable? $\square$ allows the researcher to claim causation between an explanatory variable and a response variable
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Solution

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Solution Steps

Step 1: Define an Observational Study

An observational study is a type of study where the researcher measures the value of the response variable without attempting to influence the value of either the response or explanatory variables. This means that the researcher simply observes and records data as it naturally occurs.

From the given options:

  • A is incorrect because it describes a designed experiment, not an observational study.
  • B is correct because it accurately describes an observational study.
  • C is incorrect because it describes a census or a list, not an observational study.
Step 2: Define a Designed Experiment

A designed experiment is a type of study where the researcher assigns individuals to specific groups, intentionally changes the value of an explanatory variable, and then records the value of the response variable for each group. This allows the researcher to control the conditions and test the effect of the explanatory variable on the response variable.

From the given options:

  • A is incorrect because it describes an observational study, not a designed experiment.
  • B is correct because it accurately describes a designed experiment.
  • C is incorrect because it describes a census or a list, not a designed experiment.
Step 3: Determine Which Study Allows Claiming Causation

A designed experiment allows the researcher to claim causation between an explanatory variable and a response variable. This is because the researcher can control the explanatory variable and observe its direct effect on the response variable, ruling out other confounding factors.

An observational study, on the other hand, does not allow the researcher to claim causation because the researcher cannot control the explanatory variable, and there may be other variables influencing the response variable.

Final Answer

  • What is an observational study?
    The answer is B.
    \\(\boxed{\text{B}}\\)

  • What is a designed experiment?
    The answer is B.
    \\(\boxed{\text{B}}\\)

  • Which allows the researcher to claim causation between an explanatory variable and a response variable?
    \\(\boxed{\text{A designed experiment}}\\) allows the researcher to claim causation between an explanatory variable and a response variable.

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