The answer is nationalism, militarism, imperialism, alliances.
Nationalism was a significant cause of World War I. It fostered a sense of competition and antagonism between nations, as countries sought to assert their dominance and power. Nationalistic fervor often led to conflicts over territories and a desire for independence among various ethnic groups within empires.
Militarism played a crucial role in the lead-up to World War I. The major powers of Europe were engaged in an arms race, building up large militaries and stockpiling weapons. This created a culture where military solutions were favored over diplomatic ones, and the presence of large standing armies made the prospect of war more likely.
Imperialism contributed to the tensions that led to World War I. The major European powers were competing for colonies and resources around the world. This competition often brought them into conflict with one another, as they sought to expand their empires and protect their interests.
The system of alliances that developed in Europe in the late 19th and early 20th centuries was a key factor in the outbreak of World War I. Countries formed defensive pacts to protect themselves, but these alliances also meant that a conflict involving one nation could quickly escalate to involve its allies. The most notable alliances were the Triple Entente (comprising France, Russia, and the United Kingdom) and the Triple Alliance (comprising Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy).
Pacifism was not a cause of World War I. In fact, pacifist movements were generally opposed to the war and sought to promote peace.
Defeatism, or the acceptance of defeat without struggle, was not a cause of World War I. It is more a state of mind that can occur during a conflict rather than a contributing factor to its outbreak.
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