Questions: Travis is a 25 -year-old thing to lose weight for Spring break. He is 511 degrees and weighs 200 pounds. He wants to lose 10 pounds fast, so his friend convinces him that a low-carb diet is the way to go. Travis immediately stops eating pasta, bread, oatmeal, rice, starchy vegetables, fruits, and pastries. He has been living off of mostly meat and dairy for a week now and has been feeling constipated and tired. 1. Travis has been consuming milk and yogurt among other dairy products on his low-carb diet. Are these foods as "low-carb" as Travis assumes? What naturally occurring sugar is found in dairy products that contributes to their total carbohydrates? 2. Travis has a strong family history of Type 2 Diabetes. Does sugar intake directly cause Type 2 Diabetes? Why or why not? What can Travis do to decrease his risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes? 3. How do Type 1 Diabetes differ from Type 2 Diabetes? 4. What are the benefits of using an artificial sweetener? Are artificial sweeteners approved by FDA? Are there risks involved with using these sugar substitutes?

Let's address the first three questions from the provided text:

1. Travis has been consuming milk and yogurt among other dairy products on his "low-carb" diet. Are these foods as "low-carb" as Travis assumes? What naturally occurring sugar is found in dairy products that contributes to their total carbohydrates?

   The answer is no, milk and yogurt are not as "low-carb" as Travis assumes. Dairy products contain lactose, which is a naturally occurring sugar. Lactose contributes to the total carbohydrate content in dairy products. While some dairy products like cheese have very low carbohydrate content, milk and yogurt can have significant amounts of carbohydrates due to lactose. For example, a cup of milk can contain around 12 grams of carbohydrates, primarily from lactose.

2. Travis has a strong family history of Type 2 Diabetes. Does sugar intake directly cause Type 2 Diabetes? Why or why not? What can Travis do to decrease his risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes?

   The answer is no, sugar intake does not directly cause Type 2 Diabetes. Type 2 Diabetes is a complex condition influenced by a combination of genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. While excessive sugar intake can contribute to obesity, which is a significant risk factor for Type 2 Diabetes, it is not the sole cause. To decrease his risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes, Travis can:

   • Maintain a healthy weight through a balanced diet and regular physical activity.
   • Monitor his carbohydrate intake and choose complex carbohydrates over simple sugars.
   • Avoid excessive consumption of sugary beverages and snacks.
   • Regularly monitor his blood sugar levels, especially given his family history.
   • Consult with a healthcare provider for personalized advice and regular check-ups.

3. How do Type 1 Diabetes differ from Type 2 Diabetes?

   Type 1 Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes are distinct conditions with different causes and characteristics:

   • Type 1 Diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the body's immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. This results in little to no insulin production, requiring individuals to take insulin injections for life. It typically develops in childhood or adolescence but can occur at any age.
   • Type 2 Diabetes is primarily a result of insulin resistance, where the body's cells do not respond effectively to insulin. Over time, the pancreas may also produce less insulin. It is more common in adults, particularly those who are overweight or obese, but it can also occur in younger individuals. Lifestyle factors such as diet, physical activity, and weight management play a significant role in its development and management.

In summary, Travis should be aware that milk and yogurt contain lactose, which contributes to their carbohydrate content. Sugar intake alone does not directly cause Type 2 Diabetes, but managing overall diet and lifestyle can help reduce the risk. Type 1 Diabetes is an autoimmune condition requiring insulin, while Type 2 Diabetes involves insulin resistance and is influenced by lifestyle factors.