Questions: What was the title of Charles Darwin's famous book?

The answer is the first one: On the Origin of Species.

Explanation:

1. On the Origin of Species: This is the correct title of Charles Darwin's famous book, published in 1859. It laid the foundation for the theory of evolution by natural selection.
2. On the Origin of Adaptation: This is incorrect. While adaptation is a key concept in Darwin's theory, it is not the title of his book.
3. On the Origin of Evolution: This is incorrect. Although the book discusses the process of evolution, this is not the title of Darwin's work.

Summary: The title of Charles Darwin's famous book is On the Origin of Species.