The answer is the second one (B): biological.
Explanation for each option:
A. Cultural: Cultural processes relate to the customs, beliefs, and social behaviors of a society or community. While culture can influence development, it does not directly account for changes in motor skills, nutrition, exercise, hormonal changes, or cardiovascular decline.
B. Biological: Biological processes involve the physical and physiological changes in the body. This includes motor skills development, nutrition, exercise, hormonal changes during puberty, and cardiovascular decline, all of which are directly related to biological factors.
C. Socioemotional: Socioemotional processes involve changes in an individual's relationships, emotions, and personality. While these are important aspects of development, they do not directly encompass the physical changes mentioned in the question.
D. Cognitive: Cognitive processes involve changes in thinking, intelligence, and language. These processes are related to mental development rather than the physical changes described in the question.
In summary, the processes mentioned in the question are primarily related to biological changes, making "biological" the correct answer.