Questions: A chemist titrates 180.0 mL of a 0.2084 M acetic acid (HCH3CO2) solution with 0.5401 M KOH solution at 25°C. Calculate the pH at equivalence. The pKa of acetic acid is 4.76. Round your answer to 2 decimal places.

A chemist titrates 180.0 mL of a 0.2084 M acetic acid (HCH3CO2) solution with 0.5401 M KOH solution at 25°C. Calculate the pH at equivalence. The pKa of acetic acid is 4.76.

Round your answer to 2 decimal places.
Transcript text: A chemist titrates 180.0 mL of a $0.2084 M$ acetic acid $\left(\mathrm{HCH}_{3} \mathrm{CO}_{2}\right)$ solution with $0.5401 M \mathrm{KOH}$ solution at $25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$. Calculate the pH at equivalence. The $p K_{a}$ of acetic acid is 4.76. Round your answer to 2 decimal places.
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Solution

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Solution Steps

Step 1: Determine the moles of acetic acid and KOH

First, calculate the moles of acetic acid (\(\mathrm{HCH_3CO_2}\)) and KOH.

\[ \text{Moles of acetic acid} = 0.2084 \, \text{M} \times 0.1800 \, \text{L} = 0.03751 \, \text{moles} \]

\[ \text{Moles of KOH} = 0.5401 \, \text{M} \times V_{\text{KOH}} \, \text{L} \]

At equivalence point, moles of KOH added will be equal to the moles of acetic acid.

\[ 0.03751 \, \text{moles} = 0.5401 \, \text{M} \times V_{\text{KOH}} \, \text{L} \]

Solving for \(V_{\text{KOH}}\):

\[ V_{\text{KOH}} = \frac{0.03751 \, \text{moles}}{0.5401 \, \text{M}} = 0.06944 \, \text{L} = 69.44 \, \text{mL} \]

Step 2: Calculate the total volume of the solution

The total volume of the solution at equivalence point is the sum of the initial volume of acetic acid solution and the volume of KOH added.

\[ V_{\text{total}} = 180.0 \, \text{mL} + 69.44 \, \text{mL} = 249.44 \, \text{mL} = 0.2494 \, \text{L} \]

Step 3: Determine the concentration of acetate ion

At equivalence, all acetic acid has been converted to acetate ion (\(\mathrm{CH_3CO_2^-}\)).

\[ \text{Concentration of } \mathrm{CH_3CO_2^-} = \frac{\text{moles of } \mathrm{CH_3CO_2^-}}{V_{\text{total}}} = \frac{0.03751 \, \text{moles}}{0.2494 \, \text{L}} = 0.1504 \, \text{M} \]

Step 4: Calculate the pH using the hydrolysis of acetate ion

The acetate ion hydrolyzes in water:

\[ \mathrm{CH_3CO_2^-} + \mathrm{H_2O} \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{CH_3COOH} + \mathrm{OH^-} \]

The equilibrium expression for this reaction is:

\[ K_b = \frac{K_w}{K_a} = \frac{1.0 \times 10^{-14}}{10^{-4.76}} = 1.74 \times 10^{-10} \]

Using the ICE table and assuming \(x\) is the concentration of \(\mathrm{OH^-}\):

\[ K_b = \frac{x^2}{0.1504 - x} \approx \frac{x^2}{0.1504} \]

\[ 1.74 \times 10^{-10} = \frac{x^2}{0.1504} \]

Solving for \(x\):

\[ x^2 = 1.74 \times 10^{-10} \times 0.1504 = 2.617 \times 10^{-11} \]

\[ x = \sqrt{2.617 \times 10^{-11}} = 1.617 \times 10^{-6} \, \text{M} \]

Step 5: Calculate the pH

\[ \text{pOH} = -\log(1.617 \times 10^{-6}) = 5.79 \]

\[ \text{pH} = 14 - \text{pOH} = 14 - 5.79 = 8.21 \]

Final Answer

\(\boxed{\text{pH} = 8.21}\)

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