The response variable is the body mass index of the adolescents, which is quantitative. The explanatory variable is whether the adolescent has a cushioned desk chair in the bedroom or not.
Thus, the answers are:
- Response Variable: \( \text{BMI} \) (quantitative)
- Explanatory Variable: \( \text{Cushioned Desk Chair Presence} \) (qualitative)
\(\boxed{\text{Response Variable: BMI (quantitative), Explanatory Variable: Cushioned Desk Chair Presence (qualitative)}}\)