The company incurs a loss of $-300000 after selling 15000 items.
The total cost, $C(x)$, for producing 30000 items is calculated by adding the fixed costs, $f$, to the product of the variable cost per item, $v$, and the number of items, $x$.
\[C(x) = f + v \cdot x = 600000 + 40 \cdot 30000 = 1800000\]
The total revenue, $R(x)$, from selling 30000 items is calculated by multiplying the selling price per item, $p$, by the number of items, $x$.
\[R(x) = p \cdot x = 60 \cdot 30000 = 1800000\]
The profit or loss is found by subtracting the total cost, $C(x)$, from the total revenue, $R(x)$.
\[\text{Profit or Loss} = R(x) - C(x) = 1800000 - 1800000 = 0\]
The company breaks even, neither making a profit nor incurring a loss.
The total cost, $C(x)$, for producing 45000 items is calculated by adding the fixed costs, $f$, to the product of the variable cost per item, $v$, and the number of items, $x$.
\[C(x) = f + v \cdot x = 600000 + 40 \cdot 45000 = 2400000\]
The total revenue, $R(x)$, from selling 45000 items is calculated by multiplying the selling price per item, $p$, by the number of items, $x$.
\[R(x) = p \cdot x = 60 \cdot 45000 = 2700000\]
The profit or loss is found by subtracting the total cost, $C(x)$, from the total revenue, $R(x)$.
\[\text{Profit or Loss} = R(x) - C(x) = 2700000 - 2400000 = 300000\]