Questions: Question 33 (2 points) - A family brings a client to the emergency department because the client has been hallucinating and, when in a deep sleep, stops breathing when not stimulated. The nurse learns the client has been self-treating diarrhea and suspects the client was taking what medication? A) Loperamide B) Bismuth subsalicylate C) Paregoric D) Colace

The answer is the first one (A): Loperamide.

Explanation for each option:

A) Loperamide: Loperamide is an over-the-counter medication commonly used to treat diarrhea. It is an opioid receptor agonist that works by slowing down gut movement. In high doses, it can cross the blood-brain barrier and cause central nervous system effects, including hallucinations and respiratory depression, which aligns with the symptoms described in the question.

B) Bismuth subsalicylate: This medication is also used to treat diarrhea and other gastrointestinal issues. However, it is less likely to cause hallucinations and respiratory depression compared to loperamide. Its side effects are usually related to the gastrointestinal system, such as black stools or a black tongue.

C) Paregoric: Paregoric is a tincture of opium used to treat diarrhea. While it can cause central nervous system effects, it is less commonly used today and is typically not available over the counter. The question suggests the client was self-treating, implying the use of an over-the-counter medication.

D) Colace: Colace (docusate sodium) is a stool softener used to treat constipation, not diarrhea. It does not have the side effects of hallucinations or respiratory depression.

Summary: The client was likely taking Loperamide, as it is an over-the-counter medication for diarrhea that can cause hallucinations and respiratory depression when taken in high doses.