Questions: What is the name of the phase of protein synthesis in which the amino acids are assembled into a polypeptide chain? Translation Transcription Replication

The answer is the first one: Translation.

Explanation for each option:

1. Translation: This is the correct answer. Translation is the phase of protein synthesis where the sequence of mRNA is decoded to assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain. This process occurs in the ribosome and involves tRNA molecules bringing the appropriate amino acids in sequence to form the protein.

2. Transcription: This is incorrect. Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, specifically mRNA, which then carries the genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome in the cytoplasm for protein synthesis.

3. Replication: This is incorrect. Replication is the process of copying DNA to produce two identical DNA molecules, which is essential for cell division. It is not directly involved in protein synthesis.

In summary, the phase of protein synthesis where amino acids are assembled into a polypeptide chain is called translation.