Questions: A medical technician is working with the four samples of radionuclides listed in the table below. Initially, each sample contains 19.00 μmol of the radionuclide. First, order the samples by decreasing initial radioactivity. Then calculate how long it will take for the amount of radionuclide in each sample to decrease to 1 / 4 of the initial amount. sample radionuclide half-life initial radioactivity time for amount of radionuclide to decrease to 1 / 4 of initial amount --- --- --- --- --- A 149 To 65 4 hours 2v hours B 30^62 Zn 9.0 hours 3 ~ hours c 31^68 Ga 68.0 minutes 1 (highest) v minutes D 79^198 Au 3 days 4 (lowest) days

A medical technician is working with the four samples of radionuclides listed in the table below. Initially, each sample contains 19.00 μmol of the radionuclide.
First, order the samples by decreasing initial radioactivity. Then calculate how long it will take for the amount of radionuclide in each sample to decrease to 1 / 4 of the initial amount.

sample  radionuclide  half-life  initial radioactivity  time for amount of radionuclide to decrease to 1 / 4 of initial amount
---  ---  ---  ---  ---
A  149 To 65  4 hours  2v   hours
B  30^62 Zn  9.0 hours  3 ~   hours
c  31^68 Ga  68.0 minutes  1 (highest) v   minutes
D  79^198 Au  3 days  4 (lowest)   days
Transcript text: A medical technician is working with the four samples of radionuclides listed in the table below. Initially, each sample contains $19.00 \mu \mathrm{~mol}$ of the radionuclide. First, order the samples by decreasing initial radioactivity. Then calculate how long it will take for the amount of radionuclide in each sample to decrease to $1 / 4$ of the initial amount. \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|} \hline \multirow[t]{2}{*}{sample} & \multicolumn{2}{|r|}{radionuclide} & \multirow[t]{2}{*}{initial radioactivity} & \multirow[t]{2}{*}{time for amount of radionuclide to decrease to $1 / 4$ of initial amount} \\ \hline & symbol & half-life & & \\ \hline A & \begin{tabular}{l} \[ 149 \] \\ To \[ 65 \] \end{tabular} & 4. hours & $2 v$ & $\square$ hours \\ \hline B & \[ { }_{30}^{62} \mathrm{Zn} \] & 9.0 hours & $3 \sim$ & $\square$ hours \\ \hline c & \[ { }_{31}^{68} \mathrm{Ga} \] & 68.0 minutes & 1 (highest) v & $\square$ minutes \\ \hline D & \[ { }_{79}^{198} \mathrm{Au} \] & 3. days & 4 (lowest) & $\square$ days \\ \hline \end{tabular}
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Solution

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Solution Steps

Step 1: Order the Samples by Decreasing Initial Radioactivity

The initial radioactivity values are given as:

  • Sample A: \(2v\)
  • Sample B: \(3 \sim\)
  • Sample C: \(1 \text{ (highest) } v\)
  • Sample D: \(4 \text{ (lowest) }\)

From the given information, the order of initial radioactivity from highest to lowest is:

  1. Sample C
  2. Sample B
  3. Sample A
  4. Sample D
Step 2: Calculate Time for Amount to Decrease to \( \frac{1}{4} \) of Initial Amount

The time for a radionuclide to decrease to \( \frac{1}{4} \) of its initial amount is equivalent to two half-lives, since: \[ \left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^2 = \frac{1}{4} \]

Sample A
  • Half-life: 4 hours
  • Time to decrease to \( \frac{1}{4} \): \(2 \times 4 \text{ hours} = 8 \text{ hours}\)
Sample B
  • Half-life: 9.0 hours
  • Time to decrease to \( \frac{1}{4} \): \(2 \times 9.0 \text{ hours} = 18.0 \text{ hours}\)
Sample C
  • Half-life: 68.0 minutes
  • Time to decrease to \( \frac{1}{4} \): \(2 \times 68.0 \text{ minutes} = 136.0 \text{ minutes}\)
Sample D
  • Half-life: 3 days
  • Time to decrease to \( \frac{1}{4} \): \(2 \times 3 \text{ days} = 6 \text{ days}\)

Final Answer

  • Order of samples by decreasing initial radioactivity: C, B, A, D
  • Time for amount of radionuclide to decrease to \( \frac{1}{4} \) of initial amount:
    • Sample A: \(\boxed{8 \text{ hours}}\)
    • Sample B: \(\boxed{18.0 \text{ hours}}\)
    • Sample C: \(\boxed{136.0 \text{ minutes}}\)
    • Sample D: \(\boxed{6 \text{ days}}\)
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