Questions: Which of the following is most useful for helping survey researchers avoid false generalizations? the case study naturalistic observation random sampling operational definitions

The answer is: random sampling.

Explanation for each option:

1. The case study: While case studies provide in-depth information about a single individual or group, they are not useful for avoiding false generalizations. This is because case studies focus on a specific instance and may not be representative of the larger population.

2. Naturalistic observation: This method involves observing subjects in their natural environment without interference. Although it can provide valuable insights, it does not necessarily help in avoiding false generalizations because the observations are often limited to specific contexts and may not be generalizable to other settings or populations.

3. Random sampling: This is the most useful method for helping survey researchers avoid false generalizations. Random sampling involves selecting participants in such a way that every member of the population has an equal chance of being included in the sample. This helps ensure that the sample is representative of the population, thereby reducing the risk of bias and making the findings more generalizable.

4. Operational definitions: These are specific explanations of abstract concepts that a researcher plans to study. While operational definitions are crucial for clarity and consistency in research, they do not directly address the issue of generalization. They help in defining what is being measured but do not ensure that the sample is representative of the population.

In summary, random sampling is the best method for avoiding false generalizations because it ensures that the sample is representative of the broader population.