Questions: Which of the following organelles sorts, cuts, splices, and packages newly formed proteins into membrane-bound vesicles? Multiple Choice Mitochondrion Golgi complex Nucleolus Smooth ER Rough ER

The answer is the second one (B): Golgi complex.

Explanation for each option:

• Mitochondrion: This organelle is primarily responsible for energy production through the process of oxidative phosphorylation. It is not involved in sorting, cutting, splicing, or packaging proteins.

• Golgi complex: This is the correct answer. The Golgi complex (or Golgi apparatus) is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids into vesicles for delivery to targeted destinations. It processes proteins synthesized in the rough ER and prepares them for transport.

• Nucleolus: The nucleolus is involved in the production and assembly of ribosome components. It does not sort, cut, splice, or package proteins.

• Smooth ER: The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification processes. It does not play a direct role in protein processing or packaging.

• Rough ER: The rough endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the synthesis of proteins, particularly those that are to be secreted or inserted into membranes. While it is involved in the initial stages of protein synthesis, it does not sort, cut, splice, or package proteins into vesicles.

In summary, the Golgi complex is the organelle responsible for sorting, cutting, splicing, and packaging newly formed proteins into membrane-bound vesicles.