Questions: An adult female client has a hemoglobin level of 10.8 g/dL (108 g/L). The nurse interprets that this result is most likely caused by which condition noted in the client's history? Answer Options: 1. Dehydration 2. Heart failure 3. Iron deficiency anemia 4. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

The answer is the third one (3): Iron deficiency anemia.

Explanation for each option:

1. Dehydration: Dehydration typically leads to hemoconcentration, which can cause an increase in hemoglobin levels, not a decrease. Therefore, dehydration is unlikely to be the cause of the low hemoglobin level.

2. Heart failure: While heart failure can have various effects on the body, it is not typically associated with a direct reduction in hemoglobin levels. It may cause fluid retention and other complications, but it does not usually cause anemia directly.

3. Iron deficiency anemia: This is the most common cause of low hemoglobin levels. Iron is a crucial component of hemoglobin, and a deficiency in iron can lead to reduced hemoglobin production, resulting in anemia. The hemoglobin level of 10.8 g/dL is indicative of mild anemia, which is consistent with iron deficiency anemia.

4. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): COPD can lead to chronic hypoxia, which often stimulates the production of more red blood cells to carry oxygen, potentially increasing hemoglobin levels. Therefore, COPD is not typically associated with low hemoglobin levels.

Summary: The most likely cause of the client's hemoglobin level of 10.8 g/dL is iron deficiency anemia.