Questions: Indicate whether the following reactions are homogeneous or heterogeneous: Ti(s) + 2 Cl2(g) ⇌ TiCl4(l) 2 C2H4(g) + 2 H2O(g) ⇌ 2 C2H6(g) + O2(g) 2 C8H18(l) + 25 O2(g) ⇌ 16 CO2(g) + 18 H2O(l) 4 HCl(aq) + O2(g) ⇌ 2 H2O(l) + 2 Cl2(g) C(s) + 2 H2(g) ⇌ CH4(g) 2 C8H18(l) + 25 O2(g) ⇌ 16 CO2(g) + 18 H2O(g) 2 O3(g) ⇌ 3 O2(g)

Solution Steps

A homogeneous reaction occurs when all reactants and products are in the same phase (solid, liquid, or gas). A heterogeneous reaction involves reactants and products in different phases.

1. \(\mathrm{Ti}(\mathrm{~s})+2 \mathrm{Cl}_{2}(\mathrm{~g}) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{TiCl}_{4}(\mathrm{l})\)

   • Phases: Solid, Gas, Liquid
   • This is a heterogeneous reaction.

2. \(2 \mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{4}(\mathrm{~g})+2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{~g}) \rightleftharpoons 2 \mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{6}(\mathrm{~g})+\mathrm{O}_{2}(\mathrm{~g})\)

   • Phases: Gas, Gas, Gas, Gas
   • This is a homogeneous reaction.

3. \(2 \mathrm{C}_{8} \mathrm{H}_{18}(\mathrm{l})+25 \mathrm{O}_{2}(\mathrm{~g}) \rightleftharpoons 16 \mathrm{CO}_{2}(\mathrm{~g})+18 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{l})\)

   • Phases: Liquid, Gas, Gas, Liquid
   • This is a heterogeneous reaction.

4. \(4 \mathrm{HCl}(\mathrm{aq})+\mathrm{O}_{2}(\mathrm{~g}) \rightleftharpoons 2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{l})+2 \mathrm{Cl}_{2}(\mathrm{~g})\)

   • Phases: Aqueous, Gas, Liquid, Gas
   • This is a heterogeneous reaction.

5. \(\mathrm{C}(\mathrm{~s})+2 \mathrm{H}_{2}(\mathrm{~g}) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{CH}_{4}(\mathrm{~g})\)

   • Phases: Solid, Gas, Gas
   • This is a heterogeneous reaction.

6. \(2 \mathrm{C}_{8} \mathrm{H}_{18}(\mathrm{l})+25 \mathrm{O}_{2}(\mathrm{~g}) \rightleftharpoons 16 \mathrm{CO}_{2}(\mathrm{~g})+18 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{~g})\)

   • Phases: Liquid, Gas, Gas, Gas
   • This is a heterogeneous reaction.

7. \(2 \mathrm{O}_{3}(\mathrm{~g}) \rightleftharpoons 3 \mathrm{O}_{2}(\mathrm{~g})\)

   • Phases: Gas, Gas
   • This is a homogeneous reaction.

Final Answer