The answer is A: specific liens.
Explanation for each option:
a. Specific liens: Judgment liens are indeed specific liens. A specific lien is a claim against a particular piece of property, and a judgment lien is placed on a debtor's property as a result of a court judgment. This lien ensures that the creditor can claim the property if the debtor fails to fulfill their financial obligations.
b. Equitable liens: These are liens that arise from a court's decision based on fairness, rather than a statutory or contractual obligation. Judgment liens are not equitable liens because they are based on a legal judgment rather than equitable principles.
c. Statutory liens: These liens are created by statute, meaning they are established by law. While judgment liens are enforced by law, they originate from a court judgment rather than a specific statute, so they are not considered statutory liens.
d. Voluntary liens: These are liens that a property owner willingly agrees to, such as a mortgage. Judgment liens are not voluntary because they are imposed by a court order, not by the property owner's consent.
Thus, the correct answer is A: specific liens.