Questions: Records indicate that the mean weight of mature chinook salmon is 33.4 kg. After years of major overfishing, biologists estimate that the current mean weight of mature chinook salmon is 14.1 kg. Assume the current weights follow a normal distribution with a standard deviation of 0.3 kg. To test whether the population mean has changed, a random sample of 10 mature chinook salmon will be selected and their weights will be measured. (a) State the null and alternative hypotheses. (b) Find the critical value(s). (c) Perform a hypothesis test. Use α = 0.05. The value of the test statistic is given by z = (x̄ - μ0) / (σ/sqrt(n)) where x̄ is the sample mean and μ0 is the hypothesized population mean.

Records indicate that the mean weight of mature chinook salmon is 33.4 kg. After years of major overfishing, biologists estimate that the current mean weight of mature chinook salmon is 14.1 kg. Assume the current weights follow a normal distribution with a standard deviation of 0.3 kg. To test whether the population mean has changed, a random sample of 10 mature chinook salmon will be selected and their weights will be measured.

(a) State the null and alternative hypotheses.
(b) Find the critical value(s).
(c) Perform a hypothesis test. Use α = 0.05.

The value of the test statistic is given by z = (x̄ - μ0) / (σ/sqrt(n)) where x̄ is the sample mean and μ0 is the hypothesized population mean.
Transcript text: Records indicate that the mean weight of mature chinook salmon is 33.4 kg. After years of major overfishing, biologists estimate that the current mean weight of mature chinook salmon is 14.1 kg. Assume the current weights follow a normal distribution with a standard deviation of 0.3 kg. To test whether the population mean has changed, a random sample of 10 mature chinook salmon will be selected and their weights will be measured. (a) State the null and alternative hypotheses. (b) Find the critical value(s). (c) Perform a hypothesis test. Use $\alpha = 0.05$. The value of the test statistic is given by $z = \frac{\bar{x} - \mu_0}{\frac{\sigma}{\sqrt{n}}}$ where $\bar{x}$ is the sample mean and $\mu_0$ is the hypothesized population mean.
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Solution

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Solution Steps

Step 1: Hipóteses

As hipóteses para o teste são definidas como:

  • Hipótese Nula (\(H_0\)): \( \mu = 33.4 \, \text{kg} \) (O peso médio dos salmões chinook maduros não mudou)
  • Hipótese Alternativa (\(H_1\)): \( \mu \neq 33.4 \, \text{kg} \) (O peso médio dos salmões chinook maduros mudou)
Step 2: Valores Críticos

Para um teste bicaudal com nível de significância \( \alpha = 0.05 \), os valores críticos são:

  • \( z_{c} = -1.9600 \) e \( z_{c} = 1.9600 \)
Step 3: Cálculo do Erro Padrão

O erro padrão (\(SE\)) é calculado como: \[ SE = \frac{\sigma}{\sqrt{n}} = \frac{0.3}{\sqrt{10}} \approx 0.0949 \]

Step 4: Cálculo da Estatística do Teste

A estatística do teste (\(t_{test}\)) é dada por: \[ t_{test} = \frac{\bar{x} - \mu_0}{SE} = \frac{14.1 - 33.4}{0.0949} \approx -203.4399 \]

Step 5: Cálculo do Valor-P

Para um teste bicaudal, o valor-p é calculado como: \[ P = 2 \times (1 - T(|z|)) \approx 0.0000 \]

Step 6: Decisão

Comparando a estatística do teste com os valores críticos:

  • \( t_{test} = -203.4399 < -1.9600 \)

Portanto, rejeitamos a hipótese nula.

Resumo
  • Hipótese Nula: \(H_0: \mu = 33.4 \, \text{kg}\)
  • Hipótese Alternativa: \(H_1: \mu \neq 33.4 \, \text{kg}\)
  • Valores Críticos: \(-1.9600, 1.9600\)
  • Erro Padrão: \(SE \approx 0.0949\)
  • Estatística do Teste: \(t_{test} \approx -203.4399\)
  • Valor-P: \(P \approx 0.0000\)
  • Decisão: Rejeitar \(H_0\)

Final Answer

\(\boxed{\text{Rejeitar } H_0}\)

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