Questions: Question 33 What is the maximum number of ATP that can be accumulated from the following processes. Fermentation = ATP molecules Anaerobic respiration = ATP molecules Aerobic respiration = ATP molecules

To answer the question regarding the maximum number of ATP molecules that can be accumulated from different metabolic processes, we need to consider the typical ATP yields from fermentation, anaerobic respiration, and aerobic respiration.

1. Fermentation:

   • Fermentation is a process that occurs in the absence of oxygen and typically results in the production of 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule. This is because fermentation relies on glycolysis, which produces 2 ATP molecules, and does not involve the electron transport chain.

2. Anaerobic Respiration:

   • Anaerobic respiration also occurs without oxygen but uses an electron transport chain with a final electron acceptor other than oxygen (such as nitrate or sulfate). The ATP yield can vary depending on the organism and the electron acceptor used, but it is generally less than aerobic respiration. A common estimate is around 2 to 36 ATP molecules per glucose, depending on the efficiency of the process and the organism.

3. Aerobic Respiration:

   • Aerobic respiration is the most efficient process for ATP production, as it uses oxygen as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain. The maximum yield is typically around 36 to 38 ATP molecules per glucose molecule, depending on the efficiency of the transport of NADH and FADH2 into the mitochondria.

In summary:

• Fermentation = 2 ATP molecules
• Anaerobic respiration = approximately 2 to 36 ATP molecules
• Aerobic respiration = 36 to 38 ATP molecules

These values represent the maximum theoretical yields under ideal conditions.