Questions: Decide whether each molecule or polyatomic ion is polar or nonpolar. If the molecule or polyatomic ion is polar, write the chemical symbol of the atom closest to the negative side. For example, if the molecule were HCl and you decided the hydrogen atom was closest to the negative side of the molecule, you'd enter "H" in the last column of the table. - molecule or polyatomic ion polar or nonpolar? atom closest to negative side - CH2O polar / nonpolar □ - CH3Cl polar / nonpolar □ - I2 polar / nonpolar □

Decide whether each molecule or polyatomic ion is polar or nonpolar. If the molecule or polyatomic ion is polar, write the chemical symbol of the atom closest to the negative side. For example, if the molecule were HCl and you decided the hydrogen atom was closest to the negative side of the molecule, you'd enter "H" in the last column of the table. - molecule or polyatomic ion polar or nonpolar? atom closest to negative side - CH2O polar / nonpolar □ - CH3Cl polar / nonpolar □ - I2 polar / nonpolar □
Transcript text: Decide whether each molecule or polyatomic ion is polar or nonpolar. If the molecule or polyatomic ion is polar, write the chemical symbol of the atom closest to the negative side. For example, if the molecule were HCl and you decided the hydrogen atom was closest to the negative side of the molecule, you'd enter "H" in the last column of the table. \begin{tabular}{|c|l|c|} \hline \begin{tabular}{c} molecule or \\ polyatomic ion \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} polar or \\ nonpolar? \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} atom closest to \\ negative side \end{tabular} \\ \hline $\mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{O}$ & \begin{tabular}{l} polar \\ nonpolar \end{tabular} & $\square$ \\ \hline $\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{Cl}$ & \begin{tabular}{l} polar \\ nonpolar \end{tabular} & $\square$ \\ \hline $\mathrm{I}_{2}$ & \begin{tabular}{l} polar \\ nonpolar \end{tabular} & $\square$ \\ \hline \end{tabular}
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Solution

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Solution Steps

Step 1: Determine the polarity of $\mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{O}$

Formaldehyde ($\mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{O}$) has a trigonal planar structure with a central carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and single-bonded to two hydrogen atoms. The oxygen atom is more electronegative than carbon and hydrogen, creating a dipole moment towards the oxygen atom. Therefore, $\mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{O}$ is polar, and the atom closest to the negative side is oxygen (O).

Step 2: Determine the polarity of $\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{Cl}$

Chloromethane ($\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{Cl}$) has a tetrahedral structure with a central carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms and one chlorine atom. The chlorine atom is more electronegative than carbon and hydrogen, creating a dipole moment towards the chlorine atom. Therefore, $\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{Cl}$ is polar, and the atom closest to the negative side is chlorine (Cl).

Step 3: Determine the polarity of $\mathrm{I}_{2}$

Diiodine ($\mathrm{I}_{2}$) is a diatomic molecule consisting of two identical iodine atoms. Since the two atoms have the same electronegativity, there is no dipole moment, and the molecule is nonpolar.

Final Answer

\[ \begin{array}{|c|l|c|} \hline \begin{tabular}{c} molecule or \\ polyatomic ion \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} polar or \\ nonpolar? \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} atom closest to \\ negative side \end{tabular} \\ \hline \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{O} & \text{polar} & \boxed{\mathrm{O}} \\ \hline \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{Cl} & \text{polar} & \boxed{\mathrm{Cl}} \\ \hline \mathrm{I}_{2} & \text{nonpolar} & \boxed{} \\ \hline \end{array} \]

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