Questions: Social order can be maintained only if everyone stays in their preordained place in society. The role of kings is to help maintain that order, and the role of priests is to guide kings and facilitate their relationship with the gods. Human life is full of suffering, but people can permanently escape suffering and achieve enlightenment by successfully renouncing all desires. Human beings are innately good, but they need education, training, and positive role models to help cultivate their goodness and forge a collectively orderly society. There is an innate order to the natural world. If human beings ignore artificial rules and live in harmony with the natural processes, society will be orderly without the need for energetic government.

To match each idea with the philosophy it best reflects, let's analyze each statement and identify the corresponding philosophical tradition:

1. Social order can be maintained only if everyone stays in their preordained place in society. The role of kings is to help maintain that order, and the role of priests is to guide kings and facilitate their relationship with the gods.

   • This idea reflects the philosophy of Confucianism. Confucianism emphasizes a hierarchical social order where everyone has a specific role and duty, and rulers are seen as moral guides who maintain harmony.

2. Human life is full of suffering, but people can permanently escape suffering and achieve enlightenment by successfully renouncing all desires.

   • This idea is best associated with Buddhism. Buddhism teaches that life is characterized by suffering (dukkha) and that enlightenment (nirvana) can be achieved by overcoming desires and attachments.

3. Human beings are innately good, but they need education, training, and positive role models to help cultivate their goodness and forge a collectively orderly society.

   • This idea aligns with Confucianism as well. Confucianism holds that humans are inherently good but require proper education and moral guidance to develop their virtues and contribute to a harmonious society.

4. There is an innate order to the natural world. If human beings ignore artificial rules and live in harmony with the natural processes, society will be orderly without the need for energetic government.

   • This idea reflects Daoism (Taoism). Daoism emphasizes living in harmony with the Dao (the natural way) and suggests that societal order can be achieved by aligning with natural processes rather than imposing strict rules.

By matching these ideas with their respective philosophies, we can see how different philosophical traditions address concepts of social order, human nature, and the path to enlightenment.