To solve this problem, we can use the binomial distribution since we are dealing with a fixed number of trials (50 components) and a constant probability of success (a component being defective, which is 10%).
a) To find the probability of having 3 or more defective components, we can calculate the cumulative probability of having 0, 1, or 2 defective components and subtract this from 1.
b) The expected number of defective components can be calculated using the formula for the expected value of a binomial distribution, which is \( n \times p \).
Para encontrar la probabilidad de tener 3 o más componentes defectuosos, primero calculamos la probabilidad acumulada de tener 0, 1 o 2 componentes defectuosos. Esta probabilidad es \( P(X \leq 2) \).
\[ P(X \leq 2) = 0.1117 \]
Restamos la probabilidad acumulada de 0, 1 o 2 componentes defectuosos de 1 para obtener la probabilidad de tener 3 o más componentes defectuosos.
\[ P(X \geq 3) = 1 - P(X \leq 2) \]
\[ P(X \geq 3) = 1 - 0.1117 = 0.8883 \]
El número esperado de componentes defectuosos se calcula usando la fórmula para el valor esperado de una distribución binomial, que es \( n \times p \).
\[ E(X) = n \times p \]
\[ E(X) = 50 \times 0.10 = 5.0 \]
a) La probabilidad de que existan 3 o más componentes defectuosos es:
\[ \boxed{0.8883} \]
b) El número esperado de componentes defectuosos es:
\[ \boxed{5.0} \]