Questions: Decide whether each molecule or polyatomic ion is polar or nonpolar. If the molecule or polyatomic ion is polar, write the chemical symbol of the atom closest to the negative side. For example, the molecule were HCl and you decided the hydrogen atom was closest to the negative side of the molecule, you'd " In the last column of the table. molecule or polyatomic ion polar or nonpolar? atom closest to negative side ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- H2O polar nonpolar CIF polar nonpolar CH4 polar nonpolar

Decide whether each molecule or polyatomic ion is polar or nonpolar. If the molecule or polyatomic ion is polar, write the chemical symbol of the atom closest to the negative side. For example, the molecule were HCl and you decided the hydrogen atom was closest to the negative side of the molecule, you'd " In the last column of the table. molecule or polyatomic ion polar or nonpolar? atom closest to negative side ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- H2O polar nonpolar CIF polar nonpolar CH4 polar nonpolar
Transcript text: Decide whether each molecule or polyatomic ion is polar or nonpolar. If the molecule or polyatomic ion is polar, write the chemical symbol of the atom closest to the negative side. For example, the molecule were HCl and you decided the hydrogen atom was closest to the negative side of the molecule, you'd " In the last column of the table. \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|} \hline \begin{tabular}{c} molecule or \\ polyatomic ion \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} polar or \\ nonpolar? \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} atom closest to \\ negative side \end{tabular} \\ \hline $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$ & \begin{tabular}{l} polar \\ nonpolar \end{tabular} & $\square$ \\ \hline CIF & \begin{tabular}{l} polar \\ nonpolar \end{tabular} & $\square$ \\ \hline $\mathrm{CH}_{4}$ & \begin{tabular}{l} polar \\ nonpolar \end{tabular} & $\square$ \\ \hline \end{tabular}
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Solution

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Solution Steps

Step 1: Determine Polarity of $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$

Water ($\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$) is a polar molecule. This is because the oxygen atom is more electronegative than the hydrogen atoms, creating a dipole moment where the oxygen side is more negative.

Step 2: Identify Atom Closest to Negative Side in $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$

In $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$, the oxygen atom is closest to the negative side due to its higher electronegativity.

Step 3: Determine Polarity of CIF

Chlorine monofluoride (CIF) is a polar molecule. Chlorine is more electronegative than fluorine, creating a dipole moment where the chlorine side is more negative.

Step 4: Identify Atom Closest to Negative Side in CIF

In CIF, the chlorine atom is closest to the negative side due to its higher electronegativity compared to fluorine.

Step 5: Determine Polarity of $\mathrm{CH}_{4}$

Methane ($\mathrm{CH}_{4}$) is a nonpolar molecule. The molecule has a tetrahedral geometry, and the dipole moments cancel out, resulting in no net dipole moment.

Final Answer

\[ \begin{array}{|c|c|c|} \hline \text{molecule or polyatomic ion} & \text{polar or nonpolar?} & \text{atom closest to negative side} \\ \hline \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} & \text{polar} & \boxed{\mathrm{O}} \\ \hline \text{CIF} & \text{polar} & \boxed{\mathrm{Cl}} \\ \hline \mathrm{CH}_{4} & \text{nonpolar} & \boxed{\text{N/A}} \\ \hline \end{array} \]

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