Questions: 1. Drawing from what you learned about the Central Dogma of biology and protein export in Biol110, draw a flow diagram indicating the order of events in these processes starting with DNA and ending with export of the protein outside the plasma membrane. DNA transcription → RNA processing → mRNA transport → translation → protein folding → protein targeting and transport → vesicle transport → protein export 2. Highlight the step that is disrupted in the cells with the mutated CF protein discussed above.

1. Drawing from what you learned about the Central Dogma of biology and protein export in Biol110, draw a flow diagram indicating the order of events in these processes starting with DNA and ending with export of the protein outside the plasma membrane.
DNA transcription → RNA processing → mRNA transport → translation → protein folding → protein targeting and transport → vesicle transport → protein export
2. Highlight the step that is disrupted in the cells with the mutated CF protein discussed above.
Transcript text: 1. Drawing from what you learned about the Central Dogma of biology and protein export in Biol110, draw a flow diagram indicating the order of events in these processes starting with DNA and ending with export of the protein outside the plasma membrane. DNA transcription $\rightarrow$ RNA processing $\rightarrow$ mRNA transport $\rightarrow$ translation $\rightarrow$ protein folding $\rightarrow$ protein targeting and transport $\rightarrow$ vesicle transport $\rightarrow$ protein export 2. Highlight the step that is disrupted in the cells with the mutated CF protein discussed above.
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Solution

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To address the question, we need to create a flow diagram that outlines the sequence of events in the Central Dogma of biology, specifically focusing on the process of protein synthesis and export. Then, we will identify the step that is disrupted in cells with the mutated CF (Cystic Fibrosis) protein.

Flow Diagram of Protein Synthesis and Export:
  1. DNA Transcription: The process begins with the transcription of DNA into RNA. This occurs in the nucleus where the DNA sequence of a gene is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA).

  2. RNA Processing: The newly synthesized mRNA undergoes processing, which includes splicing (removal of introns), addition of a 5' cap, and a poly-A tail. This processed mRNA is now ready for export from the nucleus.

  3. mRNA Transport: The processed mRNA is transported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm through the nuclear pores.

  4. Translation: In the cytoplasm, ribosomes translate the mRNA sequence into a polypeptide chain, which will fold into a functional protein.

  5. Protein Folding: The polypeptide chain folds into its three-dimensional structure, which is crucial for its function.

  6. Protein Targeting and Transport: The folded protein is directed to its destination. For proteins destined for export, this involves targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).

  7. Vesicle Transport: The protein is packaged into vesicles, which transport it from the ER to the Golgi apparatus and then to the plasma membrane.

  8. Protein Export: Finally, the protein is exported outside the cell through exocytosis, where vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane to release their contents.

Disrupted Step in Mutated CF Protein:

The mutated CF protein, commonly associated with Cystic Fibrosis, typically involves a disruption in the Protein Folding step. The most common mutation, ΔF508, leads to improper folding of the CFTR protein, which results in its retention and degradation in the endoplasmic reticulum rather than being transported to the cell surface.

Summary:

The flow diagram of protein synthesis and export is as follows:

  • DNA transcription → RNA processing → mRNA transport → translation → protein folding → protein targeting and transport → vesicle transport → protein export

In cells with the mutated CF protein, the step that is disrupted is Protein Folding, leading to the protein's misfolding and subsequent degradation, preventing it from reaching the plasma membrane.

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