Questions: 24. List the functions of the CVS. 25. How does it work together with the respiratory system? 26. Anatomy of the heart; be able to identify these structures on a model.

Certainly! Let's address the first three questions:

24. List the functions of the CVS (Cardiovascular System).

The cardiovascular system has several critical functions, including:

• Transportation of Nutrients and Oxygen: It delivers essential nutrients and oxygen to cells throughout the body.
• Removal of Waste Products: It carries waste products like carbon dioxide and urea away from cells for excretion.
• Regulation of Body Temperature: It helps maintain a stable internal temperature by adjusting blood flow to the skin.
• Protection: It plays a role in the immune response by transporting white blood cells and antibodies.
• Hormonal Transport: It distributes hormones from glands to target organs.
• Maintaining Homeostasis: It helps regulate pH levels and fluid balance in the body.

25. How does it work together with the respiratory system?

The cardiovascular system works closely with the respiratory system to ensure efficient gas exchange and transport:

• Oxygen Transport: The respiratory system brings oxygen into the lungs, where it diffuses into the blood. The cardiovascular system then transports this oxygen-rich blood to tissues throughout the body.
• Carbon Dioxide Removal: Carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular metabolism, is transported by the blood from the tissues back to the lungs, where it is expelled from the body during exhalation.
• Regulation of Blood pH: Both systems work together to maintain the acid-base balance in the body by regulating levels of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate in the blood.

26. Anatomy of the heart; be able to identify these structures on a model.

While I can't provide a visual model, I can describe key structures of the heart that you should be able to identify:

• Atria: The two upper chambers of the heart (right and left atrium) that receive blood.
• Ventricles: The two lower chambers (right and left ventricle) that pump blood out of the heart.
• Valves: These include the tricuspid valve, pulmonary valve, mitral valve, and aortic valve, which ensure one-way blood flow through the heart.
• Septum: The wall that separates the right and left sides of the heart.
• Major Blood Vessels: These include the aorta, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, and the superior and inferior vena cava.
• Coronary Arteries: These supply blood to the heart muscle itself.

In summary, the cardiovascular system is essential for transporting nutrients, gases, and waste products, and it works closely with the respiratory system to facilitate gas exchange. Understanding the anatomy of the heart is crucial for identifying its structures and understanding its function.