Questions: Smooth and cardiac muscle of the cardiovascular center are under the direction of: The cerebellum The medulla The brainstem The pons

Smooth and cardiac muscle of the cardiovascular center are under the direction of:
The cerebellum
The medulla
The brainstem
The pons
Transcript text: Smooth and cardiac muscle of the cardiovascular center are under the direction of: The cerebellum The medulla The brainstem The pons
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Solution

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The answer is the second one: The medulla.

Explanation for each option:

  1. The cerebellum: The cerebellum is primarily responsible for coordinating voluntary movements, balance, and posture. It does not directly control the smooth and cardiac muscles of the cardiovascular system.

  2. The medulla: The medulla oblongata, part of the brainstem, plays a crucial role in autonomic functions, including the regulation of heart rate and blood vessel diameter. It is directly involved in controlling the smooth and cardiac muscles of the cardiovascular system.

  3. The brainstem: While the brainstem includes the medulla, it is a broader structure that also contains the pons and midbrain. The specific control of cardiovascular functions is primarily attributed to the medulla.

  4. The pons: The pons is involved in several functions, including the regulation of breathing, but it is not the primary center for controlling the cardiovascular system's smooth and cardiac muscles.

In summary, the medulla is the part of the brain responsible for directing the smooth and cardiac muscles of the cardiovascular center.

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