Questions: Which of the following genetic diseases affect males and females equally? a. cystic fibrosis b. hemophilia c. color-blindness d. muscular dystrophy

The answer is the first one (A): cystic fibrosis.

Explanation for each option:

a. Cystic fibrosis - This is a genetic disease caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, which is located on an autosome (chromosome 7). Since it is an autosomal recessive disorder, it affects males and females equally.

b. Hemophilia - This is a genetic disorder typically caused by mutations in genes on the X chromosome. It is more common in males because they have only one X chromosome, so a single recessive mutation will cause the disease. Females have two X chromosomes, so they are less likely to be affected unless they inherit two copies of the mutation.

c. Color-blindness - Most common forms of color-blindness are X-linked recessive traits, meaning they are more prevalent in males. Males are more likely to be affected because they have only one X chromosome.

d. Muscular dystrophy - Many forms of muscular dystrophy, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, are X-linked and primarily affect males. However, there are other forms that can affect both genders, but the question does not specify which type.

In summary, cystic fibrosis is the genetic disease from the list that affects males and females equally.